Hi Guys!
At first there was little activity participation, remember that those who do not participate lose their qualification. Also saw very long answers, students who participated precious comments are more valuable. Now let´s go with another activity... But Congrast!!
Second Activity
You should choose and read a short text focused branch of Medicine ... In which extracted the MAIN IDEA and the SECOND IDEA. I posted over here as a comment.
Bye!
See you next class... I´m sick :(
Send to my email the workshop.!!
They have an opportunity to participate and to send the workshop UNTIL Monday, May 29.
NO MORE CHANCE!
Este comentario ha sido eliminado por el autor.
ResponderBorrarWhat is Lupus?
ResponderBorrarLupus is an autoimmune disease where the body's immune system becomes hyperactive and attacks normal, healthy tissue. This results in symptoms such as inflammation, swelling, and damage to joints, skin, kidneys, blood, the heart, and lungs.
Under normal function, the immune system makes proteins called antibodies in order to protect and fight against antigens such as viruses and bacteria. Lupus makes the immune system unable to differentiate between antigens and healthy tissue. This leads the immune system to direct antibodies against the healthy tissue - not just antigens - causing swelling, pain, and tissue damage.
(* An antigen is a substance capable of inducing a specific immune response.)
•Main Idea: Lupus is an autoimmune disease where the body's immune system becomes hyperactive and attacks normal, healthy tissue
•Second Idea: Under normal function, the immune system makes proteins called antibodies in order to protect and fight against antigens such as viruses and bacteria. Lupus makes the immune system unable to differentiate between antigens and healthy tissue
Daniel Rass C.I: 20981897 Seccion 12
Este comentario ha sido eliminado por el autor.
ResponderBorrarLeprosy
ResponderBorraris a disease known since biblical times that causes skin ulcers, nerve damage, and muscle weakness that worsens with time.
Leprosy is caused by the bacterium Mycobacterium leprae. It is not very contagious and has a long incubation period, which makes it difficult to determine where and when someone contracted the disease. Children are more likely than adults to collapse. Leprosy has two common forms: tuberculoid and lepromatous leprosy. Both forms cause sores on the skin, but the lepromatous form is the most severe and produces large lumps and bumps.
Main idea: is a disease known since biblical times that causes skin ulcers, nerve damage, and muscle weakness that worsens with time
Secondary idea:Leprosy is caused by the bacterium Mycobacterium leprae. It is not very contagious and has a long incubation period, which makes it difficult to determine where and when someone contracted the disease.
BR. Hayvis Martinez
C.I. 22604712
seccion 11
Breast cysts
ResponderBorrarCysts are fluid-filled sacs that grow on the inside of the breast. These sacks are formed when the normal mammary glands increase in size. A woman can have a single cyst or many cysts at the same time.
Breast Cysts are common, especially in women 40 to 60 years. While it is sometimes possible to palpate the cysts of greater size, it feels like "packages," many ovarian cysts can be detected by a physical examination. The cysts that cannot be felt, can detectarselos through a mammogram or ultrasound.
Main idea: Cysts are fluid-filled sacs that grow on the inside of the breast.
second idea:Breast Cysts are common, especially in women 40 to 60 years.
Br.Osmaira Chirinos
C.I. 21156662
seccion 11
Amyotrophic lateral sclerosis.
ResponderBorrarIt is a disease of the neurons in the brain and spinal cord that control voluntary muscle movement.
This disease is also known as Lou Gehrig's disease.
One of every 10 cases of amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS) is due to a genetic defect, whereas in the rest of the cases, the cause is unknown.
In amyotrophic lateral sclerosis, nerve cells wear out or die, and can no longer send messages to the muscles, which eventually leads to muscle weakness, twitching, and inability to move the arms, legs, and body
Main idea: It is a disease of the neurons in the brain and spinal cord that control voluntary muscle movement.
second idea: One of every 10 cases of amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS) is due to a genetic defect, whereas in the rest of the cases, the cause is unknown.
Br. Belimar Navas
C.I. 11770995
Seccion 11
Humans and land animals with backbones have similar respiratory systems. This system includes passages that connect the nose and mouth to the lungs.
ResponderBorrarYou probably don't think very much about your respiratory system, but it is essential for life. Every once in a while a cough, sneeze, or hiccup will remind you about this body system. A cough is the way your system clears the airway. A sneeze is caused by an irritation in the upper airway. A hiccup is a spasm of the diagram.
The lungs, airways, diaphragm, windpipe, throat, mouth, and nasal passages are all part of the respiratory system. Respiration is the process of breathing in and out through this system. Smoking and air pollution are two common causes of respiratory problems.
Oxygen is taken into the body through the airways, absorbed into the lungs, then transported through the body in the blood. The lungs also give out carbon dioxide into the atmosphere.
There are many diseases that can harm and even destroy the respiratory system. Asthma is an increasingly common disease that causes coughing and makes it hard to breathe. Lung cancer is a major cause of death particularly among smokers. Tuberculosis is a disease caused by bacteria that can destroy the lungs. TB is very contagious and affects cats and other animals in addition to humans. Most people experience minor respiratory problems in the form of a sore throat, cough, or bronchitis from an illness.
People in certain jobs are more likely to have respiratory problems. For example, airline pilots and flight attendants often have respiratory problems. Black lung has historically been a problem of coal miners.
main idea; The importance of the respiratory system
second idea: diseases that can harm and even destroy the respiratory system.
Michelle Hernandez
C.I: 21.649.619
seccion 10
Goodnight Teacher and Classmates
ResponderBorrarCastillo Helmer C.I.V-22.939.649
Medicine student. IV semester. Section twelve
Epidermolysis bullosa
Is a group of diseases or skin disorders and genetically transmitted as manifested by the appearance of blisters, ulcers and sores on the skin, especially in the mucous areas at the slightest touch or shock. Internal injuries also often occur, causing a closure of the esophagus which causes weight loss because they can´t digest food but the problem of esophagus, stomach and internal injuries usually only in recessive dystrophic epidermolysis bullosa. It usually appears at birth or early infancy.
The skin of the affected with epidermolysis bullosa is characterized by fragile, weak, extremely sensitive and vulnerable, as delicate as glass, and that the slightest physical contact skin peels them, causing injuries that have the appearance of a burn; for this reason, the disease is also known by the names of skin or skin crystal butterfly.
Main idea:
- Epidermolysis bullosa is an inherited disorder of the skin that is manifested by the appearance slightest injury to physical contact.
Secondary ideas:
- Usually occur especially in areas mucosal lesions.
- Are internal injuries that cause a closure of the esophagus leading to lose weight because they can´t digest food.
- It usually appears at birth or early infancy.
- The disease is also known by the names of skin or skin crystal butterfly.
Este comentario ha sido eliminado por el autor.
ResponderBorrarEreu Anyerson C.I-V 22.928.558
ResponderBorrarSection twelve
The pathology
Pathology is the branch of medicine responsible for the study of human disease. More specifically, this discipline deals with the study of the biochemical and functional structural changes underlying the disease in cells, tissues and organs.
The tools used molecular pathology, microbiological, immunological and morphological to try to explain the etiology and clinical manifestations (signs and symptoms) presented by patients, while proposing a rational basis for treatment and prophylaxis. Generally regarded as the link between basic science and clinical science.
By convention, the pathology for study is usually divided into two main branches: general pathology, which deals with the reactions of cells and tissues against abnormal stimuli and genetic defects, and systemic pathology, which analyzes the changes in organs and specialized tissues.
Main Idea:
'' Pathology is the branch of medicine responsible for the study of human disease.''
Secondary ideas:
Responsible for the structural study of the biochemical and functional changes.
Use immunological and morphological tools.
Is the link between basic science and clinical.
It is divided into general pathology and systemic pathology.
Breast cancer is a disease in which cancerous cells develop in the tissues of the breast. The mammary gland consists of several clusters of lobes and lobules are connected by thin ducts, like branches of a tree, these ducts develops breast cancer is more common than ductal cancer, the other type of breast cancer is lobular carcinoma.
ResponderBorrarThere is a family predisposition to be the 5% to 10% of all cancer cases of inheritance. Another factor that predisposes to breast cancer is the use of hormonal contraceptives.
The most effective prevention of breast cancer is early detection and therefore breast self-examination on a regular basis is essential. Also from the 50 and earlier if there are predisposing factors families must be carried out periodically (every 2 years) a scan called mammography. This scan detects small tumors that may go unnoticed in self-exploration
The appearance of a suspicious nodule indicates the biopsy of it, this involves taking a small piece of the nodule and analyze it under a microscope to determine the presence of cancer cells. Typically the sampling is performed through a needle inserted into the breast tissue and is collected by aspiration of the suspect tissue.
Main idea: Breast cancer is a disease in which cancerous cells develop in the tissues of the breast
Secondary Idea: There is a family predisposition to be the 5% to 10% of all cases of cancer of inheritance
Br. Amanda Nohemy Contreras Diaz
CI: 17.310.523
Sección 10
The spinal cord
ResponderBorrarThe spinal cord is a long white cord located in the vertebral canal, responsible for carrying nerve impulses to the 31 pairs of spinal nerves, the brain communicating with the body, with two basic functions: the afferent, which are carried sensitive feelings of trunk, neck and four members to the brain, and the efferent, which directs brain effector organs perform a certain action, bringing these pulses towards the body, neck and limbs. Its functions also found immediate control and vegetative movements such as reflex, the sympathetic nervous system and the parasympathetic.
main idea: responsible for carrying nerve impulses to the 31 pairs of spinal nerves.
secondary ideas: Its functions also found immediate control and vegetative movements such as reflex, the sympathetic nervous system and the parasympathetic.
happy night.
Daniela Navas C.I.: 21020133
Section 12
Skin Cancer
ResponderBorrarBasal cell cancer originates from the lowest layer of the epidermis, and is the most common but least dangerous skin cancer. Skin cancer is the most common form of cancer in the United States. The two most common types are basal cell cancer and squamous cell cancer. They usually form on the head, face, neck, hands and arms. Another type of skin cancer, melanoma, is more dangerous but less common.
You should have your doctor check any suspicious skin markings and any changes in the way your skin looks. Treatment is more likely to work well when cancer is found early. If not treated, some types of skin cancer cells can spread to other tissues and organs.
• Main idea: Basal cell cancer originates from the lowest layer of the epidermis, and is the most common but least dangerous skin cáncer.
• Secondary Idea: They usually form on the head, face, neck, hands and arms. Another type of skin cancer, melanoma, is more dangerous but less common.
Angela Mavarez
C.I. 23.675.677
Sección 11
An artery is each of the glasses that take the blood become oxygenated (exempting the pulmonary arteries) from the heart to other parts of the body. It is born of a ventricle; his walls are very resistant and elastic.
ResponderBorrarThe circulatory system composed by arteries and veins, is fundamental to support the life. His function is the delivery of oxygen and nutrients to all the cells, as well as the retreat of the carbon dioxide and the products of waste, the maintenance of the physiological pH, and the mobility of the elements, proteins and cells of the immune system. In the developed countries, both mainsprings of death, the heart attack of myocardium and the cerebral spillage, they are both the direct result of the slow and progressive deterioration of the arterial system, a process that can last many years.
MAIN IDEA: An artery is each of the glasses that take the blood become oxygenated from the heart to other parts of the body.
SECUNDARY IDEA: The circulatory system composed by arteries and veins, is fundamental to support the life.
JAIDELYS MOYETONES C.I. 23.586.629
SECCIÓN #10
Infertility is a common problem affecting one out of six couples. It may be defined as the incapacity to fulfill pregnancy after reasonable time of adequate sexual intercourse without contraceptive measures. The evidence for changes in the prevalence of infertility is difficult to establish. This increase could be due to at least four factors: delayed childbearing; alterations in semen quality due to habits such as cigarette smoking and alcohol; changes in sexual behavior; and eliminations of most taboos. The study of infertile couple has always been focused on different factors: ovulatory factor (present in about 20% of couples), utero-tubal peritoneal factor (present in around 30% of couples), semen migration factor (10% of cases), and male factor (30% of couples). Around 40% of all infertile couples exhibit a combination of factors and about 15% of couples may not display any objective alteration leading to a definite diagnosis.
ResponderBorrarDuring the past two decades there have been three important changes in infertility practice. First, the introduction of assisted reproduction technologies has provided an opportunity to study basic reproductive processes. Second, societal changes have occurred such as the increase in the proportion of women over 35 years old seeking for pregnancy. This fact is due to a later age for marriage and postponement of pregnancy. Third, the development of molecular biology and genetics has become very important in the study, diagnosis, and assessment of couples, many of them considered until now as unexplained infertile couples.
Main idea: Infertility is defined as the incapacity to fulfill pregnancy after reasonable time of adequate sexual intercourse without contraceptive measures.
Secondary idea: increased infertility can be for 4 factors: delayed childbearing; alterations in semen quality due to habits such as cigarette smoking and alcohol; changes in sexual behavior; and eliminations most taboos.
DULCE LUGO
21158374
SECCION 11
Brain Cells
ResponderBorrarThe brain and spinal cord are made up of many cells, including neurons and glial cells. Neurons are cells that send and receive electro-chemical signals to and from the brain and nervous system. There are many more glial cells; they provide support functions for the neurons, and are far more numerous than neurons. Neurons transmit nerve signals to and from the brain at up to 200 mph. The neuron consists of a cell body (or soma) with branching dendrites (signal receivers) and a projection called an axon, which conduct the nerve signal.
1.Main idea: The brain and spinal cord are made up of many cells, including neurons and glial cells.
2. Secondary idea: Neurons are cells that send and receive electro-chemical signals to and from the brain and nervous system. There are many more glial cells; they provide support functions for the neurons, and are far more numerous than neurons.
Angelica Padilla
C.I:22.607.350
Sección 11
Hey, Good night, This topic could be usefull for us.
ResponderBorrarHigh Blood Pressure
High blood pressure (HBP) is a serious condition that can lead to coronary heart disease, heart failure, stroke, kidney failure, and other health problems.
"Blood pressure" is the force of blood pushing against the walls of the arteries as the heart pumps blood. If this pressure rises and stays high over time, it can damage the body in many ways.
About 1 in 3 adults in the United States has HBP. The condition itself usually has no signs or symptoms. You can have it for years without knowing it. During this time, though, HBP can damage your heart, blood vessels, kidneys, and other parts of your body.
Knowing your blood pressure numbers is important, even when you're feeling fine. If your blood pressure is normal, you can work with your health care team to keep it that way. If your blood pressure is too high, treatment may help prevent damage to your body's organs.
Blood pressure is measured as systolic and diastolic pressures. "Systolic" refers to blood pressure when the heart beats while pumping blood. "Diastolic" refers to blood pressure when the heart is at rest between beats.
You most often will see blood pressure numbers written with the systolic number above or before the diastolic number, such as 120/80 mmHg. (The mmHg is millimeters of mercury—the units used to measure blood pressure.)
Blood pressure doesn't stay the same all the time. It lowers as you sleep and rises when you wake up. Blood pressure also rises when you're excited, nervous, or active. If your numbers stay above normal most of the time, you're at risk for health problems. The risk grows as blood pressure numbers rise. "Prehypertension" means you may end up with HBP, unless you take steps to prevent it.
Main Idea: (HBP) is a serious condition that can lead to coronary heart disease, heart failure, stroke, kidney failure, and other health problems.
Second Idea: You can have it for years without knowing it. During this time, though, HBP can damage your heart, blood vessels, kidneys, and other parts of your body. Knowing your blood pressure numbers is important, even when you're feeling fine.
Mayrim Lugo
CI: 22.606.655
Sección 10
Este comentario ha sido eliminado por el autor.
ResponderBorrarGastritis is a condition in which the stomach lining—known as the mucosa—is inflamed. The stomach lining contains special cells that produce acid and enzymes, which help break down food for digestion, and mucus, which protects the stomach lining from acid. When the stomach lining is inflamed, it produces less acid, enzymes, and mucus.
ResponderBorrarGastritis may be acute or chronic. Sudden, severe inflammation of the stomach lining is called acute gastritis. Inflammation that lasts for a long time is called chronic gastritis. If chronic gastritis is not treated, it may last for years or even a lifetime.
Erosive gastritis is a type of gastritis that often does not cause significant inflammation but can wear away the stomach lining. Erosive gastritis can cause bleeding, erosions, or ulcers. Erosive gastritis may be acute or chronic.
The relationship between gastritis and symptoms is not clear. The term gastritis refers specifically to abnormal inflammation in the stomach lining. People who have gastritis may experience pain or discomfort in the upper abdomen, but many people with gastritis do not have any symptoms.
The term gastritis is sometimes mistakenly used to describe any symptoms of pain or discomfort in the upper abdomen. Many diseases and disorders can cause these symptoms. Most people who have upper abdominal symptoms do not have gastritis.
Main idea:The term gastritis refers specifically to abnormal inflammation in the stomach lining
second idea: The term gastritis is sometimes mistakenly used to describe any symptoms of pain or discomfort in the upper abdomen. Many diseases and disorders can cause these symptoms. Most people who have upper abdominal symptoms do not have gastritis.
Angiela Casas
18449647
sección 11
Este comentario ha sido eliminado por el autor.
ResponderBorrarGood night all, GOD BLESS ... I found it very interesting comment on one of the strangest diseases in my opinion as this is very rare to see, is nothing more and nothing less on the subject of Wernicke's disease -Korsakoff: This is a brain disorder due to thiamine deficiency. It is believed that Wernicke's encephalopathy and Korsakoff syndrome are two stages of the same condition. Wernicke's encephalopathy is caused by harmful changes in the brain, usually due to lack of vitamin B-1 (thiamine), common in people suffering from alcoholism. Excessive consumption of alcohol interferes with the metabolism of thiamine in the body. This was described in 1881 by Carl Wernicke. Even if someone who drinks alcohol heavily a well balanced diet, most of the thiamine is not absorbed. Syndrome, or Korsakoff psychosis, tends to develop as symptoms disappear Wernicke. The Russian psychiatrist S. Korsakoff described it in 1887. This involves damage to areas of the brain involved in memory.
ResponderBorrarThe main idea is Wernicke's encephalopathy and Korsakoff's syndrome.
And the secondary idea serious deficiency vitamin B-1 (thiamine) and its relationship with alcoholics.
Ana Medina
C.I.V-25666477
section 12
Main and supporting ideas
ResponderBorrarParagraphs are chains of ideas of the writer. Some of these ideas are essential for understanding the author's message. Others are not so much. On the contrary in paragraph can dispense with them without the reader losing the sense of what the author intends.
So some scholars have called the first main ideas and ideas
Secondary to the latter.
In order to identify which is the main idea of a paragraph, you must fully understand all the text being analyzed or read, otherwise you run the risk of focusing on a partial aspect of the author's message.
When an author writes his ideas, wants readers to share with him their views. Therefore strives to communicate in text as clearly their ideas. But not all statements are essential to understand what he says, some only accompany the main statement: expand, illustrate, repeat and exemplify.
* example of the main idea: "A hare challenged a turtle to a race, the tortoise accepted the condition to give him any advantage and the Hare"
* example of afterthought: When they were near the target, hare sat waiting, but she fell asleep, so the turtle arrived, passed by her, and came first to the finish line, winning the race. "
The importance of both is to help us better understand and express what we read because the main idea is responsible for expressing the basic information for the development of the subject and the school takes care of the details of the subject
BR: Ana Vivas
C.I:20963355
Sección: 12
Alzheimer
ResponderBorrarAlzheimer's disease is the most common form of dementia among older people. Dementia is a brain disorder that seriously affects a person's ability to carry out daily activities.
Alzheimer's disease begins slowly. First involves the parts of the brain that control thought, memory and language. People with Alzheimer's disease may have trouble remembering things that happened recently or names of people they know. A related problem, mild cognitive impairment, causes more memory problems than normal for people of the same age. Many, but not all people with mild cognitive impairment will develop Alzheimer's. Over time, in Alzheimer's, symptoms worsen. People may not recognize family members or have trouble speaking, reading or writing. They may forget how to brush their teeth or comb their hair. Later, they may become anxious or aggressive, or wander away from home. Ultimately need total care. This can be very stressful for family members who must care for their care.
Alzheimer's disease usually begins after age 60. The risk increases as people age. The risk is higher if there are people in the family who had the disease.
No treatment can stop the disease. However, some drugs may help prevent a limited time symptoms worse.
MAIN IDEA: Alzheimer's disease is a brain disorder that seriously affects a person's ability
SECOND IDEA: The risk increases as you age
María A Gutiérrez A
18964097
sección 12
CANCER
ResponderBorrarknown medically as a malignant neoplasm, is a broad group of various diseases, all involving unregulated cell growth. In cancer, cells divide and grow uncontrollably, forming malignant tumors, and invade nearby parts of the body. The cancer may also spread to more distant parts of the body through the lymphatic system or bloodstream. Not all tumors are cancerous. Benign tumors do not grow uncontrollably, do not invade neighboring tissues, and do not spread throughout the body. There are over 200 different known cancers that afflict humans.
Determining what causes cancer is complex. Many things are known to increase the risk of cancer, including tobacco use, certain infections, radiation, lack of physical activity, obesity, and environmental pollutants. These can directly damage genes or combine with existing genetic faults within cells to cause the disease.Approximately five to ten percent of cancers are entirely hereditary.
MAIN IDEA: cancer known medically as a malignant neoplasm
SECOND IDEA: Many things are known to increase the risk of cancer, including tobacco use, certain infections, radiation, lack of physical activity, obesity, and environmental pollutants
Dexy Rojas
22 607219
seccion 11
Keyvi Urbina.
ResponderBorrarC.I 20716362
Section: 12
Diabetes mellitus (DM): is a group of metabolic disorders, affecting various organs and tissues, lifelong and is characterized by an increase in glucose levels in the blood: hyperglycemia. The cause various disorders, the main low production of the hormone insulin, secreted by the β cells of the pancreas, or by its improper use of the body, which will affect the metabolism of carbohydrates, lipids and proteins.
The main symptoms of diabetes mellitus are excessive emission of urine (polyuria), increased the need abnormal eating (polyphagia), increased thirst (polydipsia), and weight loss for no apparent reason. The World Health Organization recognizes three forms of diabetes mellitus: type 1, type 2 and gestational diabetes (occurring during elembarazo), each with different causes and different influence. Various pathological processes are involved in the development of diabetes, the autoimmune confer a characteristic of the DM type 1, hereditary body's resistance to the action of insulin, as in type 2 DM.
Main idea: set of metabolic disorders, affecting various organs and tissues, lifelong and is characterized by an increase in glucose levels in the blood.
Second idea: The main symptoms of diabetes mellitus are excessive emission of urine (polyuria), increased the need abnormal eating (polyphagia), increased thirst (polydipsia), and weight loss for no apparent reason.
I hope I have achieved the goal, thanks ;)
LA HEPATITIS "B"
ResponderBorrarLa hepatitis B es una enfermedad del hígado producida por el virus de la hepatitis B , o HBV.
La mayor parte de los pacientes infectados agudamente por el virus de la hepatitis B se curan y pueden eliminar el virus ( 90%). Un 5-10% de los adultos pueden no eliminar el virus y pasar a la infección crónica, la presencia del virus en el hígado produce inflamación persistente, cirrosis, insuficiencia hepática y cáncer de hígado. Del 15 al 25% de las personas con una infección crónica por hepatitis B fallecen como consecuencia de esta enfermedad.
La hepatitis B se puede transmitir de una madre a su niño durante el parto. En los infantes y los niños es más común desarrollar la infección crónica, que en los adultos, 90 por ciento de niños infectados en el nacimiento desarrollan la infección crónica. 30 por ciento de niños infectados en los primeros 10 años de vida desarrollan la infección crónica.
400 millones de personas en el mundo están infectadas por el virus de la hepatitis B
Un porcentaje muy bajo de pacientes con la hepatitis aguda B puede desarrollar una insuficiencia aguda del hígado, una condición peligrosa para la vida que amerita la atención médica en centros especializados de inmediato.
Mucha gente con la hepatitis aguda B, y la mayoría de la gente con la hepatitis crónica B, no tienen ningún síntoma. Cuando ocurren los síntomas son a menudo leves e inespecíficos y pueden incluir: fatiga, fiebre, pérdida de apetito, náusea, dolor de cabeza, dolores musculares, molestias abdominales e ictericia (coloración amarillenta de la piel y escleras). La hepatitis B en la mayoría de los casos no produce síntomas, mucha gente puede tener la enfermedad y no saberlo.
IDEA PRINCIPAL: ENFERMEDAD QUE AFECTA AL HIGADO
IDEA SECUNDARIA: CAUSA:
fatiga, fiebre, pérdida de apetito, náusea, dolor de cabeza, dolores musculares, molestias abdominales e ictericia (coloración amarillenta de la piel y escleras).
BACHILLER: MARIENNY RAMIREZ
CI: 21.155.845
SECCION: 11
EL NEUMOTORAX
ResponderBorrarNeumotórax, es la acumulación de aire en el espacio que rodea los pulmones. Esta acumulación de aire ejerce presión sobre el pulmón, de manera que no se puede expandir tanto como lo hace normalmente cuando usted inspira.
El colapso pulmonar ocurre cuando el aire escapa del pulmón y llena el espacio por fuera de éste, dentro del tórax. Puede ser causado por una herida en el tórax con arma de fuego o con arma blanca, la fractura de una costilla o ciertos procedimientos médicos.
En algunos casos, ocurre un colapso pulmonar sin ninguna causa. Esto se denomina neumotórax espontáneo, y es cuando se rompe un área pequeña del pulmón que está llena de aire (vesícula pulmonar), y el aire va hacia el espacio que rodea el pulmón.
IDEA PRINCIPAL: El colapso pulmonar.
IDEA SECUNDARIA: causa:
>mayor dificultad respiratoria, incluyendo respiración rápida, quejidos, ensanchamiento de las fosas nasales y retracciones torácicas.
>dificultad para escuchar ruidos respiratorios al auscultar con un estetoscopio.
>cambio de la ubicación de los ruidos cardíacos o pulmonares cuando los órganos son desplazados por la presencia de aire.
>cambios en los niveles de gas en la sangre arteria
bachiller
efraimae carrasquero
CI 25096054
seccion 11
AIDS
ResponderBorrarAIDS is caused by the human immunodeficiency virus (HIV). HIV destroys a type of body defense cells called "CD4 helper lymphocytes." These lymphocytes are part of the body's immune defense system to fight infectious diseases. But as HIV destroys these lymphocytes, people infected with the virus begin to get serious infections that do not normally spill over, ie they become immune deficient. The name for this condition is acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (AIDS).
Main Idea:
HIV destroys a type of body defense cells called "CD4 helper lymphocytes".
Second Idea:
HIV destroys these lymphocytes, people infected with the virus begin to get serious infections that do not normally spill over, ie they become immune deficient.
Javier Molina
Seccion 10
Obesity
ResponderBorrarObesity means having too much body fat. It is different from being overweight, which means weighing too much. The weight may come from muscle, bone, fat, and/or body water. Both terms mean that a person's weight is greater than what's considered healthy for his or her height.
Obesity occurs over time when you eat more calories than you use. The balance among calories differs for each person. Factors that might affect your weight include your genetic makeup, overeating, eating high-fat foods, and not being physically active.
Being obese increases your risk of diabetes, heart disease, stroke, arthritis, and some cancers. If you are obese, losing even 5 to 10 percent of your weight can delay or prevent some of these diseases. For example, that means losing 10 to 20 pounds if you weigh 200 pounds.
The main idea:
Obesity is a major risk factor of death in the world, since it is contributing to increased risks of heart diseases, diabetes, strokes, etc, so it is crucial that those people who are dealing whit this disease, have to change their eating habits and be exercised, so in that way they are going to remove all their excess body fat "obesity" in order to prevent these diseases and even death.
Supporting Idea:
Obesity is different from being overweight, but both terms mean that a person's weight is greater than what is considered healthy for his or her height, that happens when people eat more calories than they use, but the balance among calories differs for each person.
Willmary Sanchez
C.I: 18.700.124
SECC: 11
THE HEART
ResponderBorrarThe heart is a hollow muscle that pumps blood throughout the blood vessels by repeated, rhythmic contractions. It is found in all animals with a circulatory system (including all vertebrates). The vertebrate heart is principally composed of cardiac muscle and connective tissue. Cardiac muscle is an involuntary striated muscle tissue found only in this organ and responsible for the ability of the heart to pump blood. The average human heart, beating at 72 beats per minute, will beat approximately 2.5 billion times during an average 66 year lifespan. It weighs approximately 250 to 300 grams (9 to 11 oz) in females and 300 to 350 grams (11 to 12 oz) in males
Main Idea:
-muscle that pumps blood throughout the blood vessels by repeated, rhythmic contractions
Second Idea:
-It is found in all animals with a circulatory system
-The average human heart, beating at 72 beats per minute
Elba Buitrago
C.I 21649298
SECCIÓN 10
Asthma:
ResponderBorrarAsthma is a chronic disease characterized by recurrent attacks of breathlessness and wheezing, which vary in severity and frequency from person to person.
Symptoms may occur several times in a day or week in affected individuals, and for some people become worse during physical activity or at night.
Asthma attack:
During an asthma attack, the lining of the bronchial tubes swell, causing the airways to narrow and reducing the flow of air into and out of the lungs. Recurrent asthma symptoms frequently cause sleeplessness, daytime fatigue, reduced activity levels and school and work absenteeism. Asthma has a relatively low fatality rate compared to other chronic diseases.
Mean idea: Asthma is a chronic disease characterized by recurrent attacks of breathlessness and wheezing.
Second idea: Symptoms may occur several times in a day or week in affected individuals.
Elvis J. Piña F.
C.I 24.907.037
Sección 12
The pituitary gland is an endocrine gland that secretes hormones that regulate homeostasis and also handles tropic secrete hormones that regulate the function of other endocrine glands, depending partly on the hypothalamus which in turn regulates the secretion of some hormones. It is a complex gland is housed in a bony space called the sella turcica of the sphenoid bone, located at the base of the skull in the middle cranial fossa, which connects with the hypothalamus through the pituitary stalk or pituitary stalk. It has an oval shape with a diameter of 8 mm anteroposterior, transverse 12 mm and 6 mm vertically, on average in adult male weighs 500 mg, 600 mg in women and in those who have had multiple births, to 700 mg.
ResponderBorrarMain idea:gland that secretes hormones that regulate homeostasis
second idea:and also handles tropic secrete hormones that regulate the function of other endocrine glands
Doris Ramírez C:I 22604516 seccion 10
DUJESIMAR RUANO. C.I: 22.605.078 – Medicine Student
ResponderBorrarSection 10- IV Semester.
LUPUS:
Lupus is an autoimmune disease where the body's immune system becomes hyperactive and attacks normal, healthy tissue. This results in symptoms such as inflammation, swelling, and damage to joints, skin, kidneys, blood, the heart, and lungs.
Under normal function, the immune system makes proteins called antibodies in order to protect and fight against antigens such as viruses and bacteria. Lupus makes the immune system unable to differentiate between antigens and healthy tissue. This leads the immune system to direct antibodies against the healthy tissue - not just antigens - causing swelling, pain, and tissue damage.
Although doctors are do not know exactly what causes lupus and other autoimmune diseases, most believe that lupus results from both genetic and environmental stimuli.
Since lupus is known to occur within families, doctors believe that it is possible to inherit a genetic predisposition to lupus. There are no known genes, however, that directly cause the illness. It is probable that having an inherited predisposition for lupus makes the disease more likely only after coming into contact with some environmental trigger.
The higher number of lupus cases in females than in males may indicate that the disease can be triggered by certain hormones. Physicians believe that hormones such as estrogen regulate the progression of the disease because symptoms tend to flare before menstrual periods and/or during pregnancy.
MAIN IDEA: Lupus is an autoimmune disease where the body's immune system becomes hyperactive and attacks normal, healthy tissue.
SECONDARY IDEAS:
- This results in symptoms such as inflammation, swelling, and damage to joints, skin, kidneys, blood, the heart, and lungs.
- Lupus makes the immune system unable to differentiate between antigens and healthy tissue.
- Although doctors are do not know exactly what causes lupus and other autoimmune diseases, most believe that lupus results from both genetic and environmental stimuli.
- Since lupus is known to occur within families, doctors believe that it is possible to inherit a genetic predisposition to lupus
- The higher number of lupus cases in females than in males may indicate that the disease can be triggered by certain hormones.
Hemophilia
ResponderBorrarHemophilia is a group of hereditary genetic disorders that impair the body's ability to control blood clotting or coagulation, which is used to stop bleeding when a blood vessel is broken. There are two types: Hemophilia A (clotting factor VIII deficiency) is the most common form of the disorder, and Hemophilia B (factor IX deficiency).
Like most recessive sex-linked, X chromosome disorders, hemophilia is more likely to occur in males than females. This is because females have two X chromosomes while males have only one, so the defective gene is guaranteed to manifest in any male who carries it, so females are almost exclusively asymptomatic carriers of the disorder.
Female carriers can inherit the defective gene from either their mother or father, or it may be a new mutation. Although it is not impossible for a female to have hemophilia, it is unusual, a female with hemophilia A or B would have to be the daughter of both a male hemophiliac and a female carrier, while the non-sex-linked hemophilia C due to coagulant factor XI deficiency, which can affect either sex.
Main idea: Hemophilia is a group of hereditary genetic disorders that impair the body's ability to control blood clotting or coagulation
Second idea: Hemophilia is more likely to occur in males than females
Katherine Gomez
C.I. 22604312
Sección “10”
Vertebrate Trachea.
ResponderBorrarIn tetrapod anatomy the trachea, or windpipe, is a tube that connects the pharynx and larynx to the lungs, allowing the passage of air. It is lined with pseudostratified ciliated columnar epithelium cells with goblet cells that produce mucus. This mucus lines the cells of the trachea to trap inhaled foreign particles that the cilia then waft upward toward the larynx and then the pharynx where it can be either swallowed into the stomach or expelled as phlegm.
Despite the name, not all vertebrates have a trachea; only non-fish ones. The name is used in contrast with invertebrate trachea, a structure in arthropod anatomy.
Main Idea: "In tetrapod anatomy the trachea, or windpipe, is a tube that connects the pharynx and larynx to the lungs, allowing the passage of air".
Second Idea: It is lined with pseudostratified ciliated columnar epithelium cells with goblet cells that produce mucus. This mucus lines the cells of the trachea to trap inhaled foreign particles that the cilia then waft upward toward the larynx and then the pharynx where it can be either swallowed into the stomach or expelled as phlegm.
Yannely Chirinos
C.I - 23.765.868
4to de Medicina Section 11
P.D (Profesora, le estoy enviando mi respuesta a través del blof de un amigo)
Bipolar disorder
ResponderBorrarBipolar disorder (formerly called manic depression) involves changes in mood ranging from two opposite poles, alternating between depression and mania or hypomania.
Everyone has ups and downs in your mood and sometimes is normal to feel lively and cheerful, sometimes sad and morose. In bipolar disorder, however, these changes are exaggerated or completely out of place in relation to the events that are taking place in their lives and affect behavior, thoughts, feelings, physical health and overall performance of these people.
It usually starts between 20 and 30 years old, usually with a depressive episode (in 75% of women and 67% of men) and there may be several depressive episodes before displaying a manic episode.
Then one episode and another usually have normal periods, although there are differences in each person: for example, sometimes no periods of normalcy, but depressive and manic states that vary in intensity and severity, sometimes dominated by a constant state of depression with symptoms vary in intensity, punctuated by some manic or hypomanic episodes.
Main Idea:
Bipolar disorder are changes in mood ranging from two opposite poles.
Secondary Ideas:
-Changes are totally out of place in relation to the events that are taking place in their lives
-Affect behavior, thoughts, feelings, physical health and functioning of the person.
Richard Vergara Sección 12
Diabetes is a chronic disease that occurs because the pancreas does not produce the amount of insulin the body needs, factory or lower quality. Insulin, a hormone produced by the pancreas, is the main substance responsible for maintaining appropriate values blood sugar. Allows glucose to be transported into the cells so that they produce energy or store the glucose until their use is necessary. When it fails, causes an excessive increase in sugar in the blood.
ResponderBorrarDiabetes affects 6% of the population. The chances of getting it increase as a person gets older, so for over seventy years, have about 15% of people. It is essential to educate patients to control their diabetes properly, as it can lead to other diseases as or more important than the diabetes: cardiovascular, neurological, retinopathy (eye infection that can lead to blindness) and nephropathy (disease kidney). The time of onset of the disease, and the causes and symptoms presented by patients, depending on the type of diabetes in question.
MAIN IDEA: Diabetes is a chronic disease that occurs because the pancreas does not produce the amount of insulin the body needs
IDEA HIGH: Diabetes affects 6% of the population.
VARICOCELA
ResponderBorrarIs a widening of the veins along the cord that holds up a man's testicles (spermatic cord).
forms when valves inside the veins along the spermatic cord prevent blood from flowing properly. This causes the blood to, which leads to a swelling and enlargement of the veins. (This is essentially the same process that leads to the formation of varicose veins, which are common in the legs).
Generally develop slowly. They are most common in men between 15 and 25 years old and is seen more frequently on the left side of the scrotum.
The sudden appearance of a varicocele in an older man may be caused by a kidney tumor can block blood flow to a vein. This is more common on the left than on the right.
Symptoms:
Enlarged, twisted veins in the scrotum
Painless testicle lump, scrotal swelling, or bulge within the scrotum
It may not have symptoms.
MAIN IDEA: The varicocela is a dilation of the veins along the cord that holds the testicles of a man.
IDEA SECONDARY: forms when valves inside the veins along the spermatic cord prevent blood from flowing properly.
Br Angel Dario Hernandez
CI: 20552193
seccion 10
Asperger syndrome (AS).
ResponderBorrarAlso known as Asperger's syndrome or Asperger disorder (AD), is an autism spectrum disorder (ASD) that is characterized by significant difficulties in social interaction and nonverbal communication, alongside restricted and repetitive patterns of behavior and interests. It differs from other autism spectrum disorders by its relative preservation of linguistic and cognitive development. Although not required for diagnosis, physical clumsiness and atypical (peculiar, odd) use of language are frequently reported.
Main idea: is an autism spectrum disorder (ASD) that is characterized by significant difficulties in social interaction and nonverbal communication.
Second idea: It differs from other autism spectrum disorders by its relative preservation of linguistic and cognitive development.
Andreina Marin
C.I: 22604585
Secciòn 10.
Alzheimer's disease (AD).
ResponderBorrarAlso known in medical literature as Alzheimer disease, is the most common form of dementia. There is no cure for the disease, which worsens as it progresses, and eventually leads to death. It was first described by German psychiatrist and neuropathologist Alois Alzheimer in 1906 and was named after him. Most often, AD is diagnosed in people over 65 years of age, although the less-prevalent early-onset Alzheimer's can occur much earlier. In 2006, there were 26.6 million sufferers worldwide. Alzheimer's is predicted to affect 1 in 85 people globally by 2050.
Main idea: is the most common form of dementia.
Second idea: There is no cure for the disease, which worsens as it progresses, and eventually leads to death.
Fabianny Semeco.
C.I: 23.676.801
Secciòn 10.
Este comentario ha sido eliminado por el autor.
ResponderBorrarCancer
ResponderBorrarCancer is the physical symptom that shows the last effort that the body performs to remove specific causes that destroy life. The elimination of these causes is what sets the preliminaries of complete healing at physical, mental and emotional. There are ways to understand the cancer completely redesigned. Generally, for conventional treatments, which are killed, cut or burn the cancer cells only offered for most patients the disease remission 70%, and most survivors are "cured "for about five years at most.
Cancer is not an attack on life, on the contrary, cancer is trying to save her. Although we change our perception of what cancer really is, it will remain a threat to one of every two people. There are doctors that promote the hopeful belief that the body is a marvelous healing tool for yourself and you have to support your work accordingly without putting obstacles preventing the body to heal itself.
Main Idea: Cancer is a symptom that reflects the body's last effort to save his life
Secondary Idea:
-Cancer treatments are 70% effective in most cases
- The preliminary set of complete healing at physical, mental and emotional.
Saul Pineda
CI:22.938.220
Seccion12
General information about osteoporosis
ResponderBorrarIt is a disease in which bones become fragile and more likely to fracture. Generally, the bone loses density, measuring the amount of calcium and minerals in the bone.
Osteoporosis is the most common type of bone disease.
Because osteoporosis, about half of all women over 50 will have a fracture of the hip, wrist, or vertebra (bones of the spine) during their lifetime.
Bone is a living tissue that is constantly being replaced by new bone. Osteoporosis occurs when the body is unable to produce enough new bone, when too much existing bone is reabsorbed by the body, or both.
Calcium is one of the important minerals needed for bone formation. If you do not get enough calcium or vitamin D, or if the body does not absorb enough calcium from the diet, bones can become brittle and more prone to fracture.
Sometimes, bone loss occurs without any cause. White women are more likely to have bone loss. Sometimes the tendency to bone loss and thin bones is hereditary.
Treatment for osteoporosis may include:
First, changes in lifestyle, such as diet and exercise
Second Take calcium and vitamin D
Using Third medicines
Main Idea: Osteoporosis is the most common disease of the bones which consists of bones brittle and prone to fracture.
Secondary Idea:
-Half of all women over 50 will have a fracture of the hip, wrist, or vertebra
-The treatment involves changes in lifestyle, take calcium and use previously mentioned drugs.
David Gutierrez
C.I: 22.938.556
Sección 12
Deafness
ResponderBorrarDeafness is the difficulty or inability to use the sense of hearing loss due to a partial hearing (hearing loss) or full (deafness), and unilateral or bilateral. Thus, a deaf person is unable or have trouble hearing. This may be an inherited trait or may be a result of disease, trauma, long-term exposure to noise or aggressive medicines auditory nerve.
If deafness is particularly acute, can greatly affect the way the deaf person is related to his human environment, to meet a serious limitation in their ability to find a way to communicate through the ear canal, ie the oral language. However, the way they understand the consequences of that disability can vary considerably, so that two fundamental perspectives on how to understand deafness.
Main Idea: Deafness is the inability to use the sense of hearing, is has several causes and affects a large population.
Secondary Idea:
- Hearing loss can be partial or complete
Simon Pineda
C.I: 22.938.216
Seccion 12
What is it?
ResponderBorrarPeptic ulcer is an erosion or mucosal injury of the stomach (gastric) or in the upper part of the small intestine called duodenum (duodenal ulcer). Ulcers are a common gastrointestinal problem in the population. Gastric ulcer usually occurs from 50-60 years old.
How is it produced?
Due to multifactorial causes. It involved an imbalance between stomach acid and an enzyme called pepsin barrier defenses of the stomach lining. This imbalance leads to inflammation, which can worsen with certain risk factors.
A person infected with this bacterium (Helicobacter pylori) have higher risk of developing ulcer disease throughout his life.
Common symptoms of an ulcer include:
Abdominal pain.
Nausea and vomiting.
Heartburn, ie burning sensation in the esophagus.
Abdominal bloating and changes in bowel habits.
prevention
Eating a healthy diet and if you are at risk for ulcers avoid taking NSAIDs or do associated with a gastric protector prevents the onset of an ulcer.
Main Idea: The gastric ulcers are mucosal lesions in the stomach lining. Character is a chronic disease that comes and goes at different times, with different symptoms that we need prevent.
Secondary Idea:
- They mostly affect people over 50 years with a higher proportion of men than women.
- gastric ulcers caused not only bacteria, our bad eating habits can also cause it.
- Symptoms of gastric ulcer vary from person to person and depending on the intensity of symptoms.
Laura D. Montilla A.
C.I 21244095
Seccion 12.
Influenza
ResponderBorrarThe human influenza virus can be easily spread through sneezing or a handshake, but kills only a small fraction of the people it infects. This particular virus seems to have the unique ability to combine genes from other viruses, the current strain of Influenza (the H1N1 virus), in addition to this there are many more such as the avian flu virus spread by contact with poultry, avian influenza virus (H5N1) cannot spread easily from person to person, the Spanish flu of 1918, the Asian Flu of 1957-1958 and 1968-1969 Hong Kong, although says that all of these were related to strains of avian influenza, though some scientists say swine viruses also have participated in the 1918 pandemic. Note that scientists fear that a long avian influenza virus can mutate into a new virus that can spread easily between humans.
Main Idea: The human influenza viruses and their types
Secondary Idea: scientists fear that a long avian influenza virus could mutate and be transmitted easily between humans.
Andrei Molina
C. I. 24810287
section 12